Bare Acts · Annotated Reference · India

Bare Acts India — 20 Statutes Annotated
Constitutional · Criminal · Banking · Civil · Property Law

Each act is presented with its original legal text alongside a plain-English explanation — so both lawyers and first-time readers can understand the law. Expert annotations by Advocate Subodh Bajpai highlight the sections most relevant to debt recovery, banking fraud, and commercial litigation.

Legal Glossary →DRT & SARFAESI Acts →

Status:Active LawSupersededAmendedEach act page includes legal text + plain-English + practitioner notes

Constitutional

1950

Active Law

The Constitution of India

Supreme law of India. Key articles: 14 (equality), 21 (life & liberty), 226 (HC writs), 300-A (right to property) — foundational to all debt recovery challenges.

10 key sections annotated→

Criminal Law

2023

Active Law

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Replaces IPC 1860 from 1 July 2024. Covers CBT (S.316), cheating (S.318/320), fraudulent transfer (S.336), forgery (S.338/340) — all central to banking fraud.

12 key sections annotated→

Criminal Procedure

2023

Active Law

Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023

Replaces CrPC 1973 from 1 July 2024. Covers document production (S.94), compensation (S.397), inherent HC powers (S.528) — essential for NI Act proceedings.

8 key sections annotated→

Criminal Law (Legacy)

1860

Superseded

Indian Penal Code, 1860

Replaced by BNS 2023. Governs all cases filed before 1 July 2024. S.420 (cheating), S.405/406 (CBT), S.467 (forgery) — active in thousands of pending fraud trials.

10 key sections annotated→

Criminal Procedure (Legacy)

1973

Superseded

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

Replaced by BNSS 2023. Governs all cases filed before 1 July 2024. S.482 (inherent powers), S.438 (anticipatory bail), S.357 (compensation) — still heavily litigated.

16 key sections annotated→

Banking Law

2002

Active Law

SARFAESI Act, 2002

Securitisation and enforcement of security interest without court intervention. S.13 (enforcement), S.14 (CMM/DM possession), S.17 (DRT challenge) — the most powerful creditor-side debt recovery statute.

20 key sections annotated→

Commercial Law

1881

Active Law

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

Governs cheques, bills of exchange, and promissory notes. S.138 cheque dishonour offence (40L+ pending cases), S.139 statutory presumption, S.143A interim compensation — essential for banking recovery.

20 key sections annotated→

Commercial Law

1872

Active Law

Indian Contract Act, 1872

Foundation of all commercial obligations. Contract of guarantee (S.126-147), indemnity (S.124-125), bailment (S.148), agency (S.182-238) — governs every banking security document.

22 key sections annotated→

Corporate Law

2013

Active Law

Companies Act, 2013

Governs incorporation, management, and winding up of companies. Director liability, oppression & mismanagement, NCLT jurisdiction — foundational for banking fraud and corporate debt recovery.

22 key sections annotated→

Insolvency Law

2016

Active Law

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016

CIRP initiated by financial creditors (S.7) or operational creditors (S.9). Section 14 moratorium, Committee of Creditors, resolution plan (S.31), Section 53 liquidation waterfall — transformative for NPA resolution.

20 key sections annotated→

Civil Procedure

1908

Active Law

Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

Governs all civil suits and execution of decrees. Order 37 (summary suits for NI Act), Order 38 (attachment before judgment), Order 39 (injunctions), S.60 (attachable property) — essential for money recovery.

20 key sections annotated→

Consumer Law

2019

Active Law

Consumer Protection Act, 2019

Three-tier consumer forum (District up to ₹50L, State ₹50L–₹2Cr, National above ₹2Cr). Banking "deficiency of service" complaints under S.2(11) — intersects with SARFAESI and DRT proceedings.

20 key sections annotated→

Property Law

2016

Active Law

Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016

Regulates real estate projects and protects allottee rights. RERA Authority, project registration (S.3), promoter obligations, homebuyer rights — intersects with IBC in real estate NPA matters.

20 key sections annotated→

Property Law

1882

Active Law

Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Foundational mortgage law: six types of mortgage (S.58), right to redeem (S.60), suit for sale (S.67), fraudulent transfer (S.53), actionable claim assignment (S.130) — TPA governs every secured banking transaction.

16 key sections annotated→

Dispute Resolution

1996

Active Law

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

S.8 (court referral), S.34 (narrow grounds to challenge award), S.36 (no automatic stay on filing S.34 — 2015 Amendment), S.29A (12-month timeline), S.29B (fast-track). DRT proceedings are not arbitrable.

15 key sections annotated→

Evidence Law

2023

Active Law

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Replaces Indian Evidence Act from 1 July 2024. S.63 (electronic records certificate — mandatory per Arjun Panditrao Khotkar), S.130 (banker's books), S.118 (estoppel), S.94 (parol evidence rule).

15 key sections annotated→

Technology Law

2000

Active Law

Information Technology Act, 2000

S.10A (digital contracts valid), S.43 (cyber fraud compensation), S.43A (data breach liability), S.66C (identity theft), S.85 (officer liability) — governs digital lending, cyber fraud, and electronic banking.

13 key sections annotated→

Transparency Law

2005

Active Law

Right to Information Act, 2005

RTI against public sector banks for NPA details, SARFAESI notices, valuation reports, OTS policy (S.6 — no reasons required, S.7 — 30-day deadline, S.8 exemptions, CIC second appeal). RBI v. Jayantilal Mistry (2015).

12 key sections annotated→

Civil Law

1963

Active Law

Limitation Act, 1963

3-year limitation for money suits, 12 years for mortgage suits. S.5 (condonation of delay), S.18 (acknowledgement extends limitation), S.19 (part payment) — a common defence and shield in DRT cases.

20 key sections annotated→

Civil Law

1963

Active Law

Specific Relief Act, 1963

Specific performance of contracts, permanent injunctions (S.38), declaratory decrees (S.34), mandatory injunctions — tools for restraining SARFAESI enforcement and property transaction disputes.

18 key sections annotated→

Legal Glossary

Legal Dictionary & Glossary

40+ legal terms explained in plain English — from NPA and CIRP to Garnishee Orders and Subrogation. A-Z browse, category filter, and full-text search.

Browse Glossary

IPC → BNS Mapper

Statute Transition Comparisons

Side-by-side, section-by-section guides to the 1 July 2024 criminal-code reset and key provision changes — old section to new section, with what changed and transitional rules.

BNS vs IPC BNSS vs CrPC BSA vs Evidence Act 498A → §85 BNS S.138 NI Act Amendments

DRT & SARFAESI Acts

Core Banking Recovery Statutes

SARFAESI Act, RDDB Act, IBC, and NI Act — detailed practice guides for banks and creditors, annotated by Advocate Subodh Bajpai.

View Legal Resources

Need Legal Advice on a Specific Provision?

These annotations are for educational reference. For specific advice on how a statute applies to your debt recovery matter, consult Advocate Subodh Bajpai directly.

Consult Advocate Bajpai Landmark Judgments

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Bare Acts India — 20 Statutes AnnotatedConstitutional · Criminal · Banking · Civil · Property Law

The Constitution of India

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023

Indian Penal Code, 1860

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

SARFAESI Act, 2002

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

Indian Contract Act, 1872

Companies Act, 2013

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016

Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

Consumer Protection Act, 2019

Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016

Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Information Technology Act, 2000

Right to Information Act, 2005

Limitation Act, 1963

Specific Relief Act, 1963

Legal Dictionary & Glossary

Statute Transition Comparisons

Core Banking Recovery Statutes

Need Legal Advice on a Specific Provision?

Bare Acts India — 20 Statutes AnnotatedConstitutional · Criminal · Banking · Civil · Property Law

The Constitution of India

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023

Indian Penal Code, 1860

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

SARFAESI Act, 2002

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

Indian Contract Act, 1872

Companies Act, 2013

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016

Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

Consumer Protection Act, 2019

Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016

Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Information Technology Act, 2000

Right to Information Act, 2005

Limitation Act, 1963

Specific Relief Act, 1963

Legal Dictionary & Glossary

Statute Transition Comparisons

Core Banking Recovery Statutes

Need Legal Advice on a Specific Provision?

Bare Acts India — 20 Statutes Annotated
Constitutional · Criminal · Banking · Civil · Property Law

Bare Acts India — 20 Statutes Annotated
Constitutional · Criminal · Banking · Civil · Property Law